How are members of the Rajya Sabha elected?

Introduction

The Rajya Sabha, or Council of States, is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Members of the Rajya Sabha are elected through a specific process that reflects the federal structure of India and ensures representation from various states and union territories.

Election Process

1. Members from States

Members of the Rajya Sabha who represent states are elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States and Union Territories. The election is conducted using a single transferable vote system of proportional representation.

• Single Transferable Vote: This is a preferential voting system where voters rank candidates in order of preference. Votes are transferred from candidates with fewer votes to those with more.
• Proportional Representation: This system ensures that the number of seats won by a party or group is proportional to the number of votes received.

2. Members from Union Territories

Members representing Union Territories are elected by the members of the Electoral College constituted for each Union Territory. This Electoral College usually comprises the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of those Union Territories.

3. Nominated Members

The President of India can nominate up to 12 members to the Rajya Sabha. These nominations are made based on the expertise and contributions of individuals in fields such as literature, science, art, and social service.

Eligibility and Terms

1. Eligibility Criteria

To be eligible for election to the Rajya Sabha, a candidate must be at least 30 years old and should not be disqualified under any law in force.

2. Term of Office

Members of the Rajya Sabha serve for a term of six years. However, one-third of the members retire every two years, and elections are held to fill these seats.

Conclusion

The election process for members of the Rajya Sabha is designed to ensure balanced representation from various states and union territories, as well as from different fields of expertise. This process upholds the principles of federalism and diversity in Indian governance.