What is the difference between the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha?

Introduction

The Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha are the two houses of the Parliament of India, each with distinct roles and responsibilities. Understanding their differences is crucial for grasping the Indian legislative process.

Rajya Sabha vs. Lok Sabha

1. Composition

• Rajya Sabha: Known as the Council of States, it consists of 245 members, including 233 elected by state legislatures and 12 appointed by the President of India.
• Lok Sabha: Known as the House of the People, it consists of 543 members elected directly by the people of India from constituencies across the country.

2. Term of Office

• Rajya Sabha: Members serve for a term of six years, with one-third of the members retiring every two years.
• Lok Sabha: Members serve for a term of five years, with the House being dissolved at the end of this term or earlier if the Prime Minister advises the President to dissolve it.

3. Election and Appointment

• Rajya Sabha: Members are elected by the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies, and 12 are appointed by the President based on their expertise in fields like literature, science, and art.
• Lok Sabha: Members are elected directly by the people through general elections in their respective constituencies.

4. Powers and Functions

• Rajya Sabha: Primarily a revising chamber, it reviews and suggests amendments to bills proposed by the Lok Sabha. It also has the power to approve or reject certain bills and is involved in various legislative processes.
• Lok Sabha: Holds the primary legislative power, including the power to introduce and pass bills. It also controls the government through questions and debates and has the power to form and dissolve governments.

5. Representation

• Rajya Sabha: Represents states and union territories, ensuring their interests are considered in national legislation.
• Lok Sabha: Represents the people of India, reflecting the democratic will of the electorate.

Conclusion

While both the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha play crucial roles in the Indian Parliament, their functions, composition, and powers differ significantly. Understanding these differences helps in comprehending the Indian legislative process more effectively.