What role did the mother goddess likely play in Harappan religion?

Introduction

The Mother Goddess is a significant figure in Harappan religion, symbolizing fertility, motherhood, and divine power. Various artifacts and archaeological findings provide insights into her role within the Indus Valley Civilization.

Archaeological Evidence

Figurines and Idols

Several figurines and idols discovered at Harappan sites are believed to represent the Mother Goddess:

1. Terracotta Figurines: These figurines often depict a female form with exaggerated features related to fertility and motherhood.
2. Stone and Bronze Idols: Some larger and more elaborate idols suggest significant reverence and ceremonial importance.
3. Iconography: The presence of symbols such as breasts and a prominent abdomen indicates fertility and nurturing aspects.

Seals and Symbols

Seals bearing motifs related to the Mother Goddess offer further insights:

• Motifs: Seals often display female figures with symbolic attributes, potentially representing divine or earthly powers.
• Usage: These seals might have been used in religious or administrative contexts, marking possessions or ceremonial purposes.

Religious Significance

Fertility and Motherhood

The Mother Goddess is closely associated with fertility and motherhood:

1. Symbol of Fertility: Figurines and symbols suggest a focus on fertility, essential for agricultural societies.
2. Motherhood: The Mother Goddess represents the nurturing aspect of motherhood, crucial in societal and family life.

Rituals and Worship

Rituals and practices related to the Mother Goddess highlight her importance:

• Offerings and Sacrifices: Evidence of offerings and sacrifices made to the Mother Goddess suggests her role in religious ceremonies.
• Ceremonial Objects: Objects related to rituals and worship of the Mother Goddess indicate her central role in religious life.

Influence and Legacy

Continuity in South Asian Religions

The veneration of the Mother Goddess has had a lasting impact on South Asian religions:

1. Influence on Hinduism: Elements of the Mother Goddess worship are seen in Hinduism, particularly in goddesses like Durga and Lakshmi.
2. Cultural Continuity: The themes of fertility and motherhood continue to be significant in cultural and religious practices.

Conclusion

The Mother Goddess played a vital role in Harappan religion, symbolizing fertility, motherhood, and divine power. Through various artifacts and symbols, her importance in the religious and cultural life of the Indus Valley Civilization is evident.