What evidence suggests the existence of a centralized authority in Harappan cities?

Introduction

The existence of a centralized authority in Harappan cities is a subject of considerable academic interest. Various forms of evidence suggest that Harappan cities might have been governed by a centralized system. This insert explores the evidence supporting this theory.

Archaeological Evidence

Urban Planning

The meticulous planning observed in Harappan cities provides a clue about centralized control:

• Grid Layout: The uniform grid layout of streets and buildings indicates a centralized approach to city planning.
• Drainage Systems: Sophisticated and standardized drainage systems reflect organized management.

Public Works

Evidence of large-scale public works points to a centralized authority:

1. Granaries: Large granaries found in cities like Mohenjo-Daro suggest centralized control over food storage.
2. Water Management: Complex water management systems imply organized control over water resources.

Material Evidence

Seals and Inscription

Seals and inscriptions provide insights into administrative practices:

• Standardized Seals: The uniformity in seals suggests standardized administrative practices.
• Inscribed Tablets: Tablets with inscriptions hint at a system of record-keeping.

Artifacts

Artifacts reveal aspects of authority and administration:

1. Administrative Artifacts: Tools and artifacts related to administration and trade provide evidence of a structured authority.
2. Figurines and Symbols: Certain symbols and figurines found in Harappan sites may represent authority figures or deities.

Conclusion

While direct evidence of a centralized authority in Harappan cities is still debated, archaeological, material, and artifact-based evidence suggests the presence of organized and potentially centralized governance structures.